Simulation Study of Trapped Electron Effects on Positron Acceleration by a Shock Wave in an Electron–Ion–Positron Plasma

Positron acceleration by a shock wave in an electron–ion–positron plasma is studied with two-dimensional (2D), relativistic, electromagnetic particle simulations special attention to effects of electrons trapped the wave. It demonstrated that ultrarelativistic positron can occur even when fluctuations along front, which we call 2D fluctuations, excited grow large amplitudes. Further, comparing results simulation and calculation test positrons not influenced show are accelerated higher energies than them. In addition parallel electric field formed transition region, perpendicular greatly contributes under influence fluctuations. Effects on also discussed.